Dilemma X

A historical look back at Joe Biden’s position against busing in 1975 Busing was a tool used for racial desegregation in American public school systems These historical newspaper articles gives a brief overview at what the then young U.S. Senator Joe Biden’s anti-busing amendment aimed to do with regard to the anti-busing bill that was […]

In 1911, Booker T. Washington was attacked for being an African American in New York City This is a brief look back, as reported in American newspapers, when Booker T. Washington was attacked for simply being an African American man in New York City. Born enslaved in Virginia in 1856, upon his gradating from Hampton […]

Fourth of July during the era of slavery and the year slavery ended in the United States -Guam and Hawaii 1900 This is a brief historical look back at newspapers on Independence Day in the United States – Fourth of July, during the era of slavery. Also, this is a brief look back at the […]

How the U.S. Supreme Court defined the “white” race in 1923 This is a brief historical look back in time on how the U.S. Supreme Court defined the “white” race in the 1900s. What does race and “white” have to do with the 2020 Census? A most accurate count of the population is important in […]

Top U.S universities for federal National Science Foundation R&D grants and expenditures Rankings by total R&D expenditures The Higher Education Research and Development Survey is the primary source of information on R&D expenditures at U.S. colleges and universities. The survey collects information on R&D expenditures by field of research and source of funds and also […]

Senegal opens museum dedicated to black civilizations The aim is to decolonize knowledge from the common European perspective of African history and culture CGTN After 52 years of waiting, Senegal is finally opening what has been described as the largest museum of black civilization in the capital, Dakar. The museum has the capacity for 18,000 […]

Historical Flashback: 1900 A look back at the disenfranchisement of African Americans in North Carolina. White Supremacy was the stated goal Between 1890 and 1908, every state in the Deep South adopted a new state constitution, explicitly for the purpose of disenfranchising African Americans. This historical flashback takes a look at the state of North […]

Salaries for some of the U.S. public and private college presidents Public universities and systems from 2010-2017 Private colleges from 2008-2015 All colleges and universities are not listed. Some institutions have since changed presidents or chancellors since these salaries were made public. Compensation at Public Colleges * Partial-year compensation James R. Ramsey *University of Louisville […]

George Washington Carver in a rare new 1937 color Kodachrome film from The National Archives The National Archives The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) is the nation’s record keeper. Of all documents and materials created in the course of business conducted by the United States Federal government, only 1%-3% are so important for legal […]

The story of how the state of Alabama aimed to take control over Tuskegee University Tuskegee University, formerly known as Tuskegee Institute, opened on July 4, 1881 and was founded by Lewis Adams, an influential African American entrepreneur, and began under the founding president Booker T. Washington. Historical Remembrance: The founder of Tuskegee University – […]