America: A brief view of historical time periods before and after the arrival of the Trump family

America: A brief view of historical time periods before and after the arrival of the Trump family – Who are Americans?

Below is a brief history of the Trump American family heritage in conjunction with a very brief history of a just few events which took place in United States related to the nation’s citizens.

Donald John Trump is the 45th President of the United States and was born June 14, 1946 in Queens, New York City. Mr. Trump is the fourth of five children of Frederick C. and Mary MacLeod Trump.
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On Mr. Trump’s father’s side. His grandfather, Friedrich Trump, arrived in New York in 1885. In 1892, Friedrich Trump changed his name to Frederick Trump. It was common among immigrants to Americanize or Anglicize their first and/or surnames for assimilation to reduce any discrimination they might receive otherwise by White Anglo-Saxon Protestants.

Mr. Trump’s mother departed Glasgow, Scotland, U.K. on May 2, 1930 and arrived in the United States on on May 11, 1930‍.

Let us look at the year 1885
1885 was just 15 years before 1900 and just 11 years before Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) which made Jim Crow/American Apartheid the law of the land.

Mr. Trump’s grandfather came to the United States only 15 years after the 15th amendment granted African American men the right to vote in 1870.

Trump’s grandfather came to the United States after 15 African American men had already served in the United States House of Representatives.. The first African American to serve in the House being Joseph Rainey in 1870. After his grandfather arrived in the United States there would only be 5 more African Americans to serve in the House of Representatives, because of disenfranchisement and the Jim Crow/Apartheid laws.

1885 was after African Americans Hiram Rhodes Revels served as a U.S. Senator February 23, 1870 to March 3, 1871 and Blanche Bruce served as a U.S. Senator from March 4, 1875 to March 3, 1881.

In 1885, outside the United States The Berlin Conference of 1884–1885 was held where European powers regulated European colonization and trade in Africa during their New Imperialism period. This formalized the European Scramble for Africa where new European borders were drawn without regard to existing African nation states, empires, kingdoms and city state. All of Africa’s natural resources would now directly be in the hands of European powers.

On February 5, King Leopold II of Belgium established the Congo as a personal colonial possession. On February 12 Carl Peters founds German East-Africa Society which was responsible for the establishment of colonial German East Africa, a territory which eventually comprised the areas of modern Tanzania, Burundi, and Rwanda.

On February 26, Congress of Berlin gave Nigeria to Great Britain.

In the United States on February 21 the Washington Monument was dedicated.

On March 3, American Telephone & Telegraph (AT&T) was incorporated.
On March 26, Eastman Film Co manufactures the first commercial motion picture film.

On June 17, the Statue of Liberty arrived in New York City aboard French ship “Isere”.

After getting married to Frederick Trump, Donald Trump’s grandmother emigrated to the United States in 1902. This was just 18 years before the 19th Amendment made it legal for women to vote across the nation in 1920, although most African American women were still disenfranchised.

Mr. Trump’s grandmother arrived 1 year after George Henry White completed his Congressional term in 1901 when he became the last African American U.S. Congressman (and represented North Carolina). Again, this was the beginning of the Jim Crow/Apartheid era when African American men were being disenfranchised post the Supreme Court’s ruling on Plessy v. Ferguson just 5 years earlier when separate but equal (really unequal) became part of the laws of the United States.  (After Henry White left office, no other African American was elected to serve in Congress until Oscar De Priest from Chicago, Illinois in 1928. African Americans were essentially excluded from politics in the entire South, where they constituted a majority in numerous districts. No African American was elected to Congress again from North Carolina until 1992. No African American would be elected to Congress from the South until Barbara Jordan from Texas and Andrew Young from Georgia in 1972 following the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Tim Scott became the first African American U.S. Senator to be elected from the South since 1881 in 2013. Scott is also the first African American to have been elected to both the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate since P.B.S. Pinchback had run for both a U.S Senate seat and a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives simultaneously in 1872. He won both contests but was barred from taking his House of Representatives post and was denied his seat in the senate as well as a result of charges of election fraud. P.B.S. Pinchback was also the 24th Governor of Louisiana from December 9, 1872 – January 13, 1873. Governor Oscar Dunn died of pneumonia and Pinchback was chosen by the Louisiana state senate to succeed Dunn. P.B.S. Pinchback was the only African American governor of any state during Reconstruction and remained the only one until Douglas Wilder’s election in Virginia in 1989.)

Here are just a few more historical events that happened before and after the arrival of the Trump family in the United States.

Before Europeans came to the Americas, Native people already had well established ethnic groups, nations, languages and their own religion. The Native people had already developed successful agricultural means to support large and complex societies with permanent towns and cities. In fact, there were no places where Europeans arrived, in what is now there United States, that did not already have the presence of Native people.

With that said let us now review a brief history beyond this period.

Black Africans were present in the Americas before slavery began to be used as an economic system. The Portuguese were the first Europeans to engage in the New World slave trade. Between 1418 and the 1470s, the Portuguese launched a series of exploratory expeditions. In 1526, the European Portuguese completed the first transatlantic slave voyage from Africa to the Americas. The enslavement of Africans by the Spaniards, in the Americas, began also in the 1520s.

Slavery in the United States began when the first enslaved Africans were brought to the English colony of Jamestown, Virginia, in 1619. Virginia’s first Africans arrived at Point Comfort, on the James River, late in August 1619. The English ship White Lion, a badly damaged Dutch slave ship, arrived and had 20 kidnapped Africans. The English colonists bartered food and services for the Africans. At this time the English had no model for chattel slavery and held the Africans as indentured servants. The system the English had in place for white indentured servants was to keep these people for 7 years of hard labor, before they would be granted freedom. As the English colonists became profitable and did not want to have a loss in free labor and unlike their white counterparts who held citizenship in their home country, Africans were not subject to English common law and were servants without rights.

In 1641, slavery of Africans was legalized. Enslaved Africans now became chattel or personal property that could be owned for life.

Slave labor enable the European American colonies to become so profitable that in 1660England’s King Charles II established the Royal African Company to transport even more enslaved Africans to the Americas, via the Caribbean Island and main American port cities.

The Dutch West India Company imported 11 enslaved Africans to New Amsterdam (now New York City) in 1626-1627. By the late 1630s, one-third New Amsterdam’s population were enslaved Africans. Wall Street today runs along what was once the wall of the fort, built by enslaved Africans. Dutch, English and African languages were spoken in what is now New York City.

The British expanded the use of slavery, and in 1703, more than 42 percent of New York City households held enslaved Africans. There were more enslaved Africans in New York than in any American city other than Charleston, South Carolina. Both cities were major slave-trading ports of entry.

The British eliminated most of the pathways to freedom for enslaved Africans. Unlike enslaved Africans in the South and in rural parts of the North, enslaved Africans in New York City did not live in slave quarters with large numbers of other black people, but lived in the kitchens or back rooms of their white enslavers’ houses.

New York’s first enslaved African uprising took place in New York City in 1712.

By 1800, slavery had mostly disappeared in Boston and Philadelphia. But, in New York City, slavery was still going strong.

After the Louisiana Purchase, in 1803 from France, European Americans aggressively started pushing beyond the territorial boundaries into lands claimed by Spain and later that independent nation of Mexico, who’s population was majority Native and included Europeans and Africans.

England outlawed the slave trade in 1807. But, the United States continued its own internal trade of enslaved Africans.

A Gradual Emancipation law was passed by New York State in 1817 which set July 4, 1827 as the date when any enslaved African born before 1799 would be free.

By 1820, 95% of African Americans in New York City were free, but in Kings County (now the borough of Brooklyn), where half the black population remained enslaved.

Signed on August 24, 1821, the Treaty of Córdoba established an independent Mexico from Spain, which also included what is now Texas. Mexico became a new constitutional monarchy under its first Emperor Agustín de Iturbide.

Stephen Fuller Austin, founder of Anglo-American Texas, led a group of European American settlers (Old Three Hundred) to Texas. Austin had negotiated the right to settle in Texas with the Spanish Royal governor of the territory. Austin later travel to Mexico City to secure the support from the new country on his right to settle in the Mexican region. Stephen F. Austin was born in southwestern Virginia on November 3, 1793 and his father sent him to a school in Connecticut. His father, Moses Austin, began to travel to San Antonio to apply for a grant of land and permission to settle 300 families in Texas. Stephen F. Austin arranged to obtain a loan from his friend to float the enterprise and was at Natchitoches expecting to accompany his father to San Antonio when he learned of Moses Austin’s death. He proceeded to San Antonio, where he arrived in August 1821.

Austin was authorized by Governor Antonio María Martínez to carry on the colonization enterprise under his father’s grant. Martínez offered land to American settlers in quantities of 640 acres to the head of a family, 320 acres for his wife, 160 acres for each child, and 80 acres for each enslaved African. Austin returned to New Orleans, published these terms, and invited white American colonists. Austin was informed by Governor Martínez that the provisional Mexican government set up after Mexican independence refused to approve the Spanish royal grant to Moses Austin, preferring to regulate colonization by a general immigration law.

Austin traveled to Mexico City, the capital of Mexico, and succeeded in getting approval from the emperor signed on January 3, 1823. It offered heads of families a league and a labor of land (4,605 acres) and other inducements and provided for the employment of agents, called empresarios, to promote immigration. For his services, an empresario was to receive some 67,000 acres of land for each 200 families he introduced.

The law was annulled when Iturbide abdicated, but in April 1823 Austin induced congress to grant him a contract to introduce 300 families in accordance with its terms. In August 1824 a new congress passed an immigration law that vested the administration of public land in the states, with certain restrictions, and authorized them to make laws for settlement. In March 1825 the legislature of Coahuila and Texas passed a law conforming in general to the previous act approved by Iturbide. Austin had substantially fulfilled his contract to settle the first 300 families. Under this state law, he obtained three contracts (in 1825, 1827, and 1828) to settle a total of 900 additional families in the area of his first colony, besides a contract in partnership with his secretary, Samuel M. Williams, for the settlement of 800 families in western Texas. Austin had complete civil and military authority over his colonists until 1828. The status of slavery was always a difficult problem, and Austin’s attitude from time to time seems inconsistent. With almost no free labor to be hired and expecting most of the colonists to come from the slave states, Austin prevailed on the junta instituyente to legalize slavery in the imperial colonization law, under which the first colony was established. (Source: Texas State Historical Association)

The Indian Removal Act was passed by the U.S. Congress on May 28, 1830. In 1838 and 1839, as part of President Andrew Jackson’s Indian removal policy Native people were forced to give up their lands east of the Mississippi River to make room Europeans moving into America.

Mexico elects its first black president -Vicente Ramón Guerrero Saldaña

Vicente Ramón Guerrero Saldaña had Supreme Executive Power of Mexico from April 1,1823 to October 10,1824 and was President of Mexico April 1, 1829 to December 17, 1829

His father was white European Spanish and his mother was African and Native. The Mexican state of Guerrero is named in his honor.

President Guerrero formally abolished slavery, in Mexico, on September 16, 1829.

In 1830, Mexican President Anastasio Bustamante outlawed American immigration to Mexico’s Texas. The Mexican government, fearing open rebellion of their Anglo American population and began to step up military presence in Texas between 1834 and 1835. Under Austin the Anglo Americans began to organize their own military and went to war with Mexico with the support of the United States.

The result was the new independent sovereign country in North America known as the Republic of Texas, which existed from March 2, 1836, to February 19, 1846. The Texas Republic began the expulsion of the Native people (Indians or former Mexican citizens) to Mexico and into the west. Sam Houston, the 2nd president of Texas, advocated the annexation of Texas to the United States and peaceful coexistence with the Native population, when possible. On March 3, 1837, US President Andrew Jackson officially recognized Texas as an independent republic. France granted official recognition of Texas on September 25, 1839. On February 28, 1845, the US Congress passed a bill that would authorize the United States to annex the Republic of Texas. On October 13, 1845, Texas voters approved both the American offer and the proposed constitution that specifically endorsed slavery of slavery and emigrants bringing enslaved Africans to Texas. 1824: Mexico’s new constitution (1824 Constitution of Mexico) effectively frees existing slaves.

On December 29, 1845, Congress admitted Texas to the U.S..

From April 21, 1898 to August 13, 1898 the United States was involved in The Spanish–American War. Spain ceded Puerto Rico, the Philippines and Guam to the United States under the Treaty of Paris. Spain relinquished sovereignty over Cuba and became nominally independent but effectively a US protectorate until its 1958 revolution.

World War I lasted from July 28, 1914 to November 11, 1918.

In 1917, the U.S. Congress passed the Jones–Shafroth Act (Jones Act) granting Puerto Ricans U.S. citizenship.

The United States granted the Philippines full independence with The Treaty of Manila of 1946. (In 1521, Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan’s expedition arrived in the Philippines, claimed the islands for Spain. From 1565 to 1821, the Philippines was governed as a territory of the Mexico-based Viceroyalty of New Spain and was administered directly from Madrid after the Mexican War of Independence. The Philippine–American War lasted from February 4, 1899 to July 2, 1902 as they struggle for independence from the United States. President McKinley, in 1898, ordered the use of the Philippine languages as well as English for instructional purposes to displace Spanish.)

In 1952, the racial restrictions of the 1790 Naturalization Law are repealed by the McCarran-Walter Act (Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952), giving first generation Japanese Americans including Japanese American Women citizenship and voting rights.

African Americans would not gain fuller citizens rights until the Civil Rights Act of 1957, Civil Rights Act of 1964, Voting Rights Act of 1965 and the Civil Rights Act of 1968….just 2 years before 1970.

First Lady Melania Trump
First Lady Melania Trump received a green card in March 2001 and became a U.S. citizen in 2006.
Mrs. Trump was paid for 10 modeling jobs in the United States that occurred before she had legal permission to work in the country, according to documents from 20 years ago provided to The Associated Press.
The documents obtained by the AP show she was compensated for the modeling jobs that she worked between Sept. 10 and Oct. 15 of that year, altogether worth $20,056. During this time, her visa allowed her generally to be in the U.S. and look for work, but not perform paid work. The documents consist of detailed accounting ledgers, her contract and related papers.
Melania Trump Worked in the U.S. Without Legal Permission

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